What is Electronics?

Electronics is the branch of science and engineering which deals with the study of behavior and movement of electrons in different materials. It can also be defined as the engineering branch, which is concerned with the design of electronic circuits using different electronic components like chips, transistor, semiconductor, resistors and etc. Electronics is a vast subject and hence there are many branches of electronics. Electronic also has a wide range of applications. We shall also look at some jobs for Electronics engineers.

Branches of Electronics:

• Digital electronics:

This branch is concerned with usage of Boolean logic and discrete signal electronics for design of electronic componenets. Eg: Computers, digital cameras.

• Analog electronics:

This branch is concerned with analysis of electrical signals and relationship between signal and current or voltage. Eg: radio and audio equipment

• Micro electronics(Integrated circuits) :

As the word micro means small this branch is concerned with design of electronic components using materials like resistors, capacitors etc. Eg: chips, motherboards,etc.

• Nano electronics:

This branch usually refers to nanotechnology for electronic components.

• Opto electronics:

This branch deals with conversion of electrical energy into light energy. Example: LED(Light emitting devices), Solar cells(photovoltaic).

Applications of Electronics:

• Communication Industry:

Communication has become very effective and fast. This is all possible due to transmission of information via radio waves

• Entertainment Industry:

Phones and computer help us pass our boredom

• Defense and Welfare Industry

Barometer is used to predict weather, Missile launching systems, Check pollution ,etc

• Medicinal Appliances:

Electronic devices are used to test and diagnosis of various diseases. Stethoscope are used to listen to our inner heart beats.

• Design of hardware:

Electronics is used to design hardware of various components like mobile phones, computers, etc.

Job opportunity for Electronic Engineers in 2021:

1. Communication Officier
2. Project manager
3. Network engineering
4. Rocket science
5. Satellite engineering
6. ICT officer
7. Electronic design Engineering
8. Aerospace engineering
9. Biomedical engineering
10. Computer hard ware engineering

Frequently Asked Question:

1. What is an electronic device?
Electronic devices are those devices which use electric current to encode, decode and transmit information. Eg: Computer, mobile phones, etc.

2. Who is the father of electronics?
Michael Faraday is the father of electronics.

3. Is coding important for electronic engineering?
Yes C, C++ and java are few programming language ECE students require to deal with embedded systems.

4. What is the scope of electronic engineering after four years?
It will have more scope as computers are becoming powerful day by day.

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Difference between Pre Increment and Post Increment

Pre Increment and Post Increment are the features of unary operators. Unary operators are the important concepts of programming and is very easy to learn. Unary operators are mostly used to looping statements, function calls, etc. The unary operators have high precedence in C compared to other operators.(click here to check precedence table). Unary operators are operators with only one operand. Two types of unary operators in C program:
1. Increment operator (++): it increases the value by one.
2. Decrement operator (--): It decreases the value by one.

Difference Between Pre Increment and Post Increment.

Pre Increment	Post Increment
It is used to increase the value of the variable by one before using in the expression	It is used to increase the value of the variable by one only after using in the expression
It value gets incremented as soon as the expression is used	The original value is used in an expression and then only it is incremented.
Its syntax is : ++ variable;	Its syntax is : variable ++;
code snippet: #include <stdio.h> #include <stdlib.h> void main() { int res, n; n = 7; res = ++n; printf("%d", res); } Output: 8	code snippet: #include <stdio.h> #include <stdlib.h> void main() { int res, n; n = 7; res = n++; printf("%d", res); } Output: 7

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Difference between Method Overloading and Method Overriding

Method Overloading and Overriding help us to achieve polymorphism, which is one of the features of Object-Oriented-programming language

1. Method Overloading

• Method overloading is a oops concepts in which a class can have two or more methods with same name but with different parameter
• It is also called static polymorphism or time binding or early binding
• It is implemented during compile time
• There are two ways to overload method in java :
  1.Different Number of Arguments
  2.Different Data Types

Example

public class MethodOverloading 
  {
		public static void main(String[] args) 
	{
			MethodOverloading a = new MethodOverloading ();
			a.age(5);
			a.age(18, "CSE");
			a.display('H');
			a.display(12);	
	}
		public void age(int a)
		{
			System.out.println("The age is:" + a);
		}
		public void age(int a, String c)
		{
			System.out.println("The age is:" + a +" Name:" + c);
		}
		public void display(int a)
		{
			System.out.println("The age is:" + a);
		}
		public void display(char a)
		{
			System.out.println("Name is:" + a);
		}
		

}
    

2. Method Overriding

• if sub class has the same method as declared in parent class it is called method overriding
• it is also called dynamic binding/ dynamic polymorphism
• It is implemented during run time

Example

class baby 
{
	
	void display()
	{
		System.out.println("This is the Child class");
	}
	
}
public class MethodOverriding extends baby
{
	public static void main(String[] args) 
	{
		 MethodOverriding obj = new  MethodOverriding ();
		 obj.display();

	}
	void display()
	{
		super.display();
		System.out.println("This is the parent class");
	}
}

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Importance of Digital Proficiency

The modern world is to be proficient in digital world. The invention of computer by Charles Babbage and the development of internet by ARPANET is a milestone in the process of digitalization of the modern world (Schafer, 2019). Digital technology is a recent long wave of socio-economic evolution that has transformed every aspect of human life. With such advent of technologies, it has become mandatory to master it. Therefore, being digitally proficient is the way of living in this modern world. It is an idea to create awareness for the good of humanity, for prospering business and to retain information for explorations in various fields.

To the grass root level, being digitally proficient helps in the conduct of campaigns to the targeted number of people. As an elevated method to create awareness, it provides a platform to give voice to voiceless. For an instance the Danish branch of the World Wildlife Federation (WWF) developed a campaign leveraging the short-lived nature of snapshot posts to help protect endangered species. Snap chat users were accustomed to their selfies disappearing within seconds of posting. To convey their message the authorities alerted about the vulnerability of endangered species by sharing dramatic, close up photos of animals on the verge of extinction with the message: “Don’t let this be my last selfie.” The WWF authorities asked the users to share the post and make some donation. The act was digitally a simple procedure but the result was large where 5000 people had shared the post within hours on twitter and by the end of the week, more than 120 million had seen the message. Moreover, within three days, the charity reached its fundraising goal for the entire month. (“Last Selfie,”2014). This shows that digitally equipped can give voice to voiceless and privileges to underprivileged ones. Furthermore, it also helps in marketing of individual business to successful level.

The literacy in digital technologies serves to connect businessman and the consumer by effective communication and digital platforms. For a consumer to purchase goods it is must that the details of the product should be known by the consumers. However, to fill that gap the businessman with the help of technologies must convey the features of the product by publicizing its brand or ideology. In Bhutan, Zala company gained over 150,000 views and many comments to buy the product. Furthermore, the term online shopping has become a trend in today’s era where the products to be sold are displayed through websites describing the products prices and its feature. Ultimately the method is found to be a success and made huge profit. Such is the power of being digitally literate. On next level digital proficiency can be used to retain information for scientific explorations.

On an advanced level of being digitalized, engineers all over the world had used the retained information to explore the universe. One such incident can be noted from the work of Katherine Johnson who is a NASA employee and was credited the success of the first and subsequent U.S crewed spaceflights. (Loff, 2016). It was all because of the algorithms which calculated the trajectories, launch windows and significantly more. Furthermore, the image of black hole; less apparently clear though, which was once thought impossible to capture is being captured by Katie Bouman and it was possible because of the computer program developed by Katie. At present the data they captured has been stored on hundreds of hard drives to central processing centers in Boston, US and Bonn, Germany for the creation of striking image. (Bouman,2019).

To conclude, an easy way to educate yourself is by being proficient in digital world through which one convey the ideas through various digital campaign. Furthermore, on next level of upgrading oneself financially, online business could be implemented if one has a good knowledge on information technology. To be unaware about the digital technologies will subsequently have a negative impact and would remain backward compared to others. Therefore, to help oneself and promote one must be having a good knowledge about the technologies around as significantly explained above.

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Digital Technology

Digital technology is changing every aspect of the world. Digital technologies includes social media, online games, multimedia and mobile phones and any technology that stores and process data. Digital technologies have revolutionized the way people think or the way they live their everyday lives without even realizing it. Digital technology has changed education, given people broader access to information, changed the way people maintain contact which will all be for naught if people don’t keep up with the constantly changing digital world.

Due to most people using phones, technology has slowly become integrated into schools and serves as a link between home and school. Using technologies in education has enabled students to learn things that interest them from different resources. This is known as digital learning. It is stated that over 90% of young people are online and have cell phones, over half of adults aged 65 and above are online and 78% own a cell phone (Anderson, 2015).It has become valuable as it is readily accessible and it is visual based learning there by making children learn more easily than non-visual means. For example, watching videos and playing games enable people to learn about different cultures and language. They watch videos and listen to people speaking from different parts of the world and enable them to learn about their everyday lives.

Furthermore, technology has revolutionized the way people keep in contact from letter writing to cell phones, video calls, and social media. It has also changed the way individuals participate in social, cultural and political activities as all sorts of information these days is first uploaded to the internet and then shared to social media sites where people participate in discussions and debates. Social media has destroyed the barriers that separate the people of this world by making it easier to communicate with each other and making information easily accessible anytime and anywhere to anyone who wants it. Using social networks can shorten the time. All sorts of services can be availed through the internet without leaving the comfort of your home. Digital technologies are being improved and developed gradually to match the needs of the people but if people aren’t proficient in using these technologies then it can lead to lots of problem.

Due to the present situation of covid-19, remote working has been advised which meant that people needed to know the skills to navigate through social media, in mobile phones and computers. Times like these has made us learn the importance of digital literacy. Even though digital learning had become quite popular only some children and young people have access to knowledgeable adults and technological resources that can help improve their learning and creativity. This is because most aren’t knowledgeable about digital technology and they do not find it necessary to give their children access to broadband internet or let them learn skills in computers. People need to be educated in digital technology to a certain level to understand and to be aware what happens on the internet. Digital literacy keeps you more connected as you learn not only how to create content using information, you can also share what you know or heard or watch to people who are interested in the same things as you. Digital literacy is very important to know what information on the internet is fake so that you don’t get scammed and to find out what is a good source of information. Digital literacy is lifelong learning that one should never forego.

To conclude, people should understand that technologies will continue to become embedded in the daily lives of every human being and the physical infrastructure of their homes. Digital technologies have transformed how people communicate, learn and live their lives.Our life got to be more helpful since social media may be an exceptionally valuable apparatus in 21st century, it might offer assistance to improve our life. But people must be mindful of how to utilize it.

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Computer and its generations

In this modern world we see computers everywhere and all over the world. Computers has been part of all industries be it transportation, communication, Medical, Education. Starting from personal computers to smart phones to tablets all are computers that has changed the way we live our lives and undoubtedly made a better place to live in. As computers are present in all the industries it is necessary for us to be computer literates and keep up to date with advancement of technology. The term computer can be defined as an electronic device which helps humans in many different ways. It can be used to store data, play games, write, read and watch all sort of things one likes. The chip that is present in the computer makes the computer work. The computers understands data as 1s and 0s and unique combination of zeros and ones (Binary numbers) makes the computer do complex works. Computers consists of two parts hardware and software. Hardware are the parts of the computer which we can touch and feel (E.g.: Keyboard, mouse monitor) and software is the program inside the hard disk of the computer that instructs the hardware. To communicate with a computer we need to learn computer languages which are basically of two types’ high level and low level. Hence computers play a very major role in our life.

Father of computer is Charles Babbage but the Person who purposed the idea of modern computer is Alan Turing.

5 Generations of Computers

• First generation Computers: Use of vacuum tubes for circuitry and magnetic drums for storage. It was huge, expensive and very limited. It could not do multitasking.

• Second generation Computers: Vacuum tubes were replaced by transistors. It became cheaper, smaller and faster compared to first generation computers.

• Third generation Computers: Introduction of IC (integrated circuit). The usage of IC drastically reduced the size of the computers. Operating systems, input and output devices were also used from third generation. It could do multitasking.

• Fourth generation Computers: Microprocessors were used which led to development of lab-size computers. Computer had become available in the market and were powerful.

• Fifth generation Computers: Introduction of AI (Artificial Intelligence) and bio metric sensors. Computer became more advanced and faster.

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Why We Should Let Youths Use Social Media

Social media is a very vital thing in this 21st century for many people. Facebook, WhatsApp, Messenger, WeChat, and Instagram are just some of the common social networking sites used by many people. Although some people say that social media is a boon in this digital era, still few consider it as a curse.

It is said that using too much social media can lead to breakup in their family, social media can bring a good deal of fake news if we don’t check the sources from where the news are being shared. However, one cannot deny the fact that social media is very helpful in today’s scenario. It helps us get news faster, make new friends and also useful for learning new things. Indeed, social media is a boon rather than a curse.

Research show that people who use social media frequently are more intelligent than those who don’t use social media frequently because social media is the fastest way of getting any information. Studies have also proven that social media and fake news are related, and reports indicate that approximately 35% of the information in social media is fake. Due to this fake news it usually creates chaos among the people. Although, the information in social media spreads like wildfire, one cannot deny the fact that about 65% of the information in social media are true. People argue that the 35% of the fake news will not affect the people but instead the 65% true news will help people learn new things explore the whole world and its culture, history, geographic conditions, via social media and hence increase knowledge.

So why not we let the youths use social media, as social media is not a curse but a boon in this digital era.

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